Understanding Multicausality.

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By now, you should have read the assigned chapter from the text, while referring the chapter lecture notes (.pdf). Please refer to the course schedule for specific assigned readings. You will now complete the following assignments and participate in the discussion activities. Specific instructions for this assignment are on the following page.

Chapter 3 NOTES

(Refer to these notes to complete the assignment on the following page)

Six principles of Multicausality:

1. In dealing with social problems, we can never establish causality with any solid degree of certainty

a. For example, a child who does poorly in class could be because of a genuine inability to understand the work and the child needs more instruction, or it is because the work is too easy and the child is bored and ready to move on

Understanding Multicausality.

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1. There is rarely one simple cause of a problem

a. Pop culture encourages people to blame their problems on a single event in their lives-the “one cataclysmic event” theory of social causation

b. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

1. Human service problems are the result of many intertwined personal pressure and social forces

a. Personal pressure/ Internal pressure

i. Inner psychological pressures

b. Social forces/ External pressure

i. Exerted by social institutions and world events

c. Figure 3.1: Possible causes of child abuse

1. Some causes of social problems are deeply rooted, and others are secondary problems or symptoms of a deeper problem
   

   Understanding Multicausality.

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a. After we look at the many causes that lie behind a human service problem, we must try to rank them in some order of priority

b. We focus our efforts for change on the causes that might have the most powerful impact

c. Root causes-the reasons behind the reasons

1. Although many people appear to have same problem, they may have it for a different set of reasons

a. Each of the causal factors is filtered through the screen of the person’s unique personality and habitual way of coping

b. There are NO two identical psychological profiles

c. The impact that sex, race, and physical abilities and disabilities will have on a specific child’s future life will be mediated by his or her family, culture, neighborhood, and other significant events and groups

d. Figure 3.2 shows a multilayered maze that illustrates the many forces shaping our attitudes and actions

1. Even when people encounter similar experiences, they do not necessarily react in similar ways

a. Example of siblings who are so different

b. Example of siblings who are so similar

Understanding Multicausality.

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Figure 3.2 shows a multilayered maze that illustrates the many forces shaping our attitudes and actions

INTRO TO SOCIAL SERVICES

Chapter 3

ASSIGNMENT

1. Refer to the human service problem you chose.
2. This multilayered maze illustrates the many forces shaping our attitudes and actions. Use the completed figure above as a guide to fill out this chart. To fill out this chart, list the items according to number on the following page. Since you are not working with a “real” client, use your imagination to identify biological factors, family relationships, important reference groups, socioeconomic status, values, norms, and major events and concerns of the time or era, etc.

3. Understanding Multicausality.

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