Old Firm’ Rivalry between Celtic and Rangers

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Old Firm’ Rivalry : A historical review of the factors that underpins the bitter rivalries between two of Scotland’s most successful teams (Celtic & Rangers). Summary module description: This module leads to the completion of a dissertation of 10 000 words, excluding title page, contents page, references, appendices, and bibliography. It allows for an extended in-depth examination of a historical topic, based on guided independent research.  Acquire a detailed knowledge of their chosen topic through extensive reading of specialised literature and primary sources .Locate and assemble information on the topic through their own research. Appraise critically the primary sources and historical interpretations of the topic. Organise material and articulate arguments effectively in writing using proper referencing conventions.

Choice of research topic

1 Primary Evidence A history dissertation should be driven by primary source research.

The Research

Primary sources, secondary material, and organisation of research.

Secondary material is extremely important and will need to position your research within a historiographical context. This means that it is essential to read as widely as possible in the related secondary material. Your bibliography should be maintained in an electronic form throughout your research and you may find ENDNOTE or other bibliographical software useful. Remember when taking notes from both primary and secondary material that you must always take care to record your sources accurately (including page and folio numbers where appropriate). This will facilitate your footnoting and ensure that you do not inadvertently plagiarise.

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Writing Up

Your dissertation will need to be divided into chapters, and subheadings

Presentation  You should ensure that your dissertation has a conclusion which pulls together the results of your research and underlies its significance. All dissertations should be word-processed on A4 paper, printing only on a single side; there should be a margin of at least 2.5cm on the left of the page. Longer quotations of over 40 words should be indented on left and right; shorter quotations should be placed in inverted commas. Never use italics for quotations. Do not underline or use italics for chapter titles and subheadings (they should be in bold, and, if you choose, a slightly larger font). The text does not need to be double-spaced, but care should be taken to make sure that it is not cramped in appearance. You should use a font that is no bigger than 12 point, and no smaller than 10 point. Words in Latin or other foreign languages should appear in italics.

You should use footnotes rather than endnotes. Thorough footnoting is essential to a good dissertation. You must remember that notes are not just for quotations. You must also provide full references for the sources of arguments and information. The dissertation should end with a bibliography that lists all primary and secondary sources that have been consulted during the research.

Bibliography

A bibliography is required at the end of all dissertations. Layout In the bibliography you should distinguish between primary sources (for instance, chronicles, letters, state papers, diaries, wills, parish registers, etc.) and secondary sources (i.e. books and articles by other historians). It is customary to list primary sources first and secondary sources second. Websites are usually listed at the end. Primary sources should be subdivided into Manuscript Sources and Printed Sources. Manuscript Sources should be listed according to the archives or libraries in which they are kept, eg. Cartulaire Blanc de Saint-Denis, Paris, Archives Nationales, LL 1157, 1158. Printed Sources should be listed alphabetically. Always put the editor, but not the author, after the title, using ed. to identify the editor. There is no need for place of publication in the case of well-known series. Printed sources should be listed thus: John of Salisbury, Historia Pontificalis, ed. and trans. M. Chibnall (Edinburgh/London, 1956). Reading Abbey Cartularies, ed. B.R. Kemp. (Camden Soc., 4th Ser., 31, 33, 1986-7). Sancti Bernardi Opera, ed. J. Leclercq, C.H.Talbot and H.M. Rochais, 8 vols (Rome, 195777), vols VII and VIII, Epistolae.

Old Firm’ Rivalry between Celtic and Rangers

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Secondary sources should contain all the books and journal articles which you have used, but not those which you haven’t read. Entries should include the author’s name and initials, the title, and the place and date of publication. Publisher is optional. Be careful that you note the edition of a book. Sometimes it has been reprinted. Here you should give the original date when the piece was published and the date of the reprint or new edition that you are actually using. If you do not do this you can make mistakes about which historian wrote when on the subject. This is particularly important when considering historiographical issues. Works should be listed in alphabetical order of author. You do not need to list each kind of work (book, article etc) separately. Just make one list in alphabetical order of author. You can choose whether to make every important work begin with a capital, or only the first word and proper names.

Follow the examples below in all respects. Book Bell, J., The Liberal State on Trial: The Cold War and American Politics in the Truman Years (New York, 2004). Article Lawrence-Mathers., A, ‘The Problem of Magic in Early Anglo-Saxon England’, Reading Medieval Studies, 33 (2007). Essay Parish, H., ‘’The English Reformation to 1559′ in The Reformation World, ed. Andrew Pettegree, (Routledge, 2000). Unpublished dissertation Collins, F., ‘The History of Spalding Flower Show, 1894-1900’, unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Leeds (1957). A list of abbreviations of frequently cited titles may be useful at the outset of a dissertation bibliography. Initials may be used for libraries and public repositories (BL, TNA), wellknown periodicals (EHR for English Historical Review), and frequently cited calendars of records (CSPD for Calendar of State Papers Domestic). In all these cases it is best to leave out the full stops. Ibid. (there, in the same place) may only be used for another reference to the source last cited. Terms such as loc. cit. (the place cited) and op.cit. (the work cited) can be confusing and should not be used. Websites should include the full reference and date of last visit. References/citations Their main purpose in your dissertation is to refer your reader back to your own source of information. There is no need to give references for generally known facts such as that ‘The Black Death occurred in 1349’, but it may be necessary to point to the evidence that ‘Canons Ashby (Northants.) appears to have lost half its population within thirty years of the Black Death.’ Direct quotations from authors’ works, or citations of their opinions, should always be supported by references.

Harvard system where references are given in the text by citing author and date, with the bibliography providing a key. They tend to use footnotes or endnotes. Superscript footnote/endnote numbers in the text of your essay (i.e. 5 ) should follow punctuation (ie. ……as the example of Canons Ashby shows. 5 ) Footnotes should be given at the foot of each page as it is more helpful to the reader. However, if footnotes are going to be difficult for you to manage, endnotes may be acceptable; please ask your supervisor. Notes should be numbered consecutively in each section or chapter in a dissertation. References should be given as follows: • From books, printed sources, articles and essays in collections, the first mention in a footnote or endnote should follow the form of presentation in the bibliography. For second and subsequent references in footnotes or endnotes, the full reference can be abbreviated, e.g. Bell, The Liberal State, p. 172, Reading Abbey Cartularies, ii. p. 130. Parish, ‘English Reformation’, p. 20. • From manuscripts: Berkshire Record Office, D/A1/99/80d (probate account of Thomas Mather, minister of Abingdon, 25 June 1712). (The more specific description within brackets need only be added if the nature of the manuscript is not apparent from what you have said in the text.) A manuscript’s original title should be put in inverted commas, eg. ‘Certayne Brife Notes’, f. 21.

Old Firm’ Rivalry between Celtic and Rangers

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Dissertation marking criteria

The dissertation demands a different type of work and tests a slightly different range of skills from other History coursework. Consequently, the following criteria correspond to the general History marking criteria but include further elements which are tailored to the specific demands of the dissertation. You may find it useful to have these criteria in mind while researching and writing your dissertation; some of the criteria relate to the depth, range, and type of research you put into your dissertation, and they are relevant right from the early stages of your dissertation research. Your dissertation supervisor will be able to discuss any questions you have about developing your dissertation research and writing it up. The criteria describe the key elements which characterise work in each range of marks, but not all elements may be present in each piece of work. NB: the definition of ‘primary sources’ in the criteria below depends on the type of dissertation you are undertaking. For the vast majority of dissertations, primary sources take the usual form – documents from the period you are studying (whether you access them in modern publications or online or in the archives). However, it is possible to do a historiographical dissertation, which takes as its subject the way that historians have written about a particular topic over the years. In that case, your ‘primary sources’ are the works of the historians concerned. You must discuss your plans very carefully with your supervisor if you intend to undertake a historiographical dissertation, to make sure that what you are considering will really count as historiographical and that you are fulfilling our criteria for the use of primary sources.

Old Firm’ Rivalry between Celtic and Rangers

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First Class (70% or more) The dissertation rests on significant research in primary source material, which may be extensive, wide-ranging, rigorously selected, or demanding; the research question is significant and may be sophisticated; historiographical discussion of the topic is clear and may be particularly subtle, effective, or wide-ranging; significant, clear or sophisticated reflection on methodology; coherent, clearly-structured and analytical argument developed with sustained and effective use of primary evidence; command of a wide range of material; evidence of original and independent thought; strong conceptual understanding; displays the ability to evaluate received opinion; clear writing and some stylistic flair. At the middle or higher end of the range, may display real originality and professionalism in the range, depth or methodology of its primary research, or in its argument and interpretation of sources. Stepped First-Class percentage marks are: 72, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 and 100%.

Upper Second Class (60-69%) The dissertation displays direct engagement with primary sources; at the lower end of the 2.1 range these may be more limited in range or in extent, or less appropriate (e.g., documents from websites intended for the general public, or sourcebooks intended for students, rather than archives, databases or editions of archival material used by professional historians); at the higher end of the range they may be relatively extensive, wide-ranging, or methodically selected. Clear and appropriate research question; thorough in coverage without being fully comprehensive, and revealing some independence of thought without being original; accurate exposition and confident command of the material, though may contain minor errors or omissions; relatively effective and significant use of primary sources in formulating and substantiating the argument; reasonable historiographical awareness; some degree of methodological reflection; good organisation and clear writing; may not sustain a consistent depth of analysis and the development of the argument may be uneven.

Old Firm’ Rivalry between Celtic and Rangers

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13 Lower Second Class (50-59%) The dissertation may be a relatively well-focused and competent account, with largely accurate factual material; but it may rest primarily on secondary sources, making only limited or illustrative use of primary sources, or deriving primary sources from secondary works; it may ask relatively unsophisticated research questions, or display a more narrative or descriptive than analytical approach; it may rest on a reasonable body of primary source work but display significant difficulty or confusion in interpreting or drawing conclusions from those sources; or it may draw on sources which are too thin, disparate or inappropriate to discuss the topic effectively. Limited ability to situate the topic within the wider historiography or the details of the specific historiographical debate. May contain errors and omissions, and may not cover the full range of key elements; may not always fully explain points, and material may not follow on section by section.

Third Class (40-49%) Displays some understanding of the topic chosen and has assembled some appropriate information; some attempt to structure the content of the dissertation; research question may be confused, unclear, or naive; primary source material may be inappropriate, extremely limited or absent, or seriously misunderstood; historiographical and contextual discussion may be very limited or confused; content is likely to be more narrative or descriptive than analytical, and to be very partial, general or imprecise; has important omissions or inaccuracies; is often unclear in both the expression and the organisation of the material.

Pass without honours (35-39%) Work shows extremely limited research; poor understanding of the subject and the issues relating to it; limited knowledge; very serious errors or omissions; very unclear expression and organisation.

Fail (less than 35%) Clear, obvious and serious deficiencies in research undertaken, relevance, knowledge, understanding, and expression. Work not degree-worthy. A fail may also be given where work has not been attempted or submitted, or where the student is guilty of plagiarism.

Old Firm’ Rivalry between Celtic and Rangers

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